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| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2018 | Volume
: 5
| Issue : 3 | Page : 103-108 |
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Relationship between religious attitude and anxiety in nursing and midwifery students
Faeaze Karami1, Akram Hemmatipour2, Saman Azadbakht1, Azam Jahangirimehr3
1 Student Research Committee, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Department of Nursing, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Department of Biostatistics, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Ahvaz, Iran
| Date of Submission | 02-Sep-2018 |
| Date of Acceptance | 28-Oct-2018 |
| Date of Web Publication | 07-Dec-2018 |
Correspondence Address:
Ms. Akram Hemmatipour
Department of Nursing, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar
Iran
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/JNMS.JNMS_27_18
Context: Religion and spirituality are considered as sources for adaptation to life-threatening events such as anxiety.
Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of religious attitude and anxiety.
Settings and Design: This is a descriptive study of analytical type. In this study, 102 students were selected by the census method in 3 months.
Material and Methods: The data collection tools were demographic questionnaires, Serajzadeh's religious attitude standard, and Achilles Berger's anxiety. Based on Likert scale, there are five options that I totally agree with and disagree with.
Statistical Analysis Used: The normal data from the questionnaire will be examined using Kolmogorov–Smirnov to examine normal distribution. After collecting data and coding, to analyze the data, the central indicators and dispersion including mean, mean, fashion, standard deviation and independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient were used using the SPSS-16 software.
Results: The results showed that the mean anxiety level was 4.24 ± 52.12 and religious attitude was 67.97 ± 35.15. The highest mean score was related to beliefs, and the lowest was the post-nursing dimension in religious attitude. Most of the participants showed a high level of anxiety and high religious attitude. There was no significant difference between the dimensions of the religious attitude, and the level of anxiety of the groups (P > 0.05). However with an increase in religious attitude, the level of anxiety has decreased.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the religious attitude of the participants in the strong level and the anxiety level was moderate. In this study, it was found that both groups did not have a significant difference from religious viewpoint and its dimensions and anxiety disorder. Furthermore, in studying the effect of variables, it was found that there was no significant relationship between religious beliefs and anxiety levels with the variables. However, the increase in religious attitude has been accompanied by low anxiety. Keywords: Anxiety, Religious attitude, Students
How to cite this article:
Karami F, Hemmatipour A, Azadbakht S, Jahangirimehr A. Relationship between religious attitude and anxiety in nursing and midwifery students. J Nurs Midwifery Sci 2018;5:103-8 |
How to cite this URL:
Karami F, Hemmatipour A, Azadbakht S, Jahangirimehr A. Relationship between religious attitude and anxiety in nursing and midwifery students. J Nurs Midwifery Sci [serial online] 2018 [cited 2023 Mar 27];5:103-8. Available from: https://www.jnmsjournal.org/text.asp?2018/5/3/103/247107 |
| Introduction | |  |
Today, the importance of religious attitudes in humans is considered by many mental health professionals.[1],[2] Religious attitudes are the unified monotheistic beliefs that God is the centerpiece of affairs, and values, customs, and human behavior with each other and with their nature.[3] Religion and spirituality are considered as sources for adaptation to tense events of life.[4] Salimi et al. in their study say that religion can be effective in creating a sense of hope, emotional relaxation, and anxiety reduction. Anxiety is a feeling of suffering that is said to be in the present situation or in the expectation of a danger that depends on an indeterminate object one does not clearly understand the source of anxiety.[5] In the United States, the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adults is 11.8%, representing 23 million adults in the state. The disorder affects 13.3% of adults in the world's population. Anxiety disorders in our country are estimated to be 8.31% of the most common psychiatric disorders.[6] Anxiety is divided into open and hidden divisions. Anxiety means that sometimes a person knows his anxiety syndrome and hidden anxiety means that the person is not aware of the source.[7] Anxiety refers to the expression of anxiety at the same time and the hidden anxiety of a person's most common sense.[8] Although it is believed that low anxiety for life and everyday life is necessary, high anxiety also imposes serious harm to the body, psychosocial, occupation and education and deprives a person of having an acceptable quality of life.[9],[10] In the student spectrum, anxiety can have a negative effect on learner's memory and efficiency.[11]
According to the Wolf San Andreas Institute of Health Sciences, a report shows that 46% of male students and 64% of female students suffer from anxiety.[12] Researches in Iran show that about 30% of students suffer from some psychiatric symptoms, especially anxiety and depression disorders, and any psychiatric disorder can affect the academic performance of adolescents.[13]
Anxious people often use coping and escape instead of using appropriate strategies to solve problems, which reduces the efficiency of an individual.[14] In the student spectrum, anxiety can, in addition to daily activities, cause other mental disorders, complications, and complications of aging.[15] Ghasem Nejad et al. in their study they reported that with anxiety, student performance will be reduced to a low or even inappropriate level.[16] In this regard, religious beliefs and religiosity have the power to endure failure in the teachings of Allah's people and thereby help maintain physical and mental health and prevent the emergence of physical and mental illness.[7] Studies have shown that religious attitudes and self-reflection are predictors of anxiety.[1] Religious people have psyche that experiences less anxiety when confronted with events. Religious and religious beliefs are considered as factors for relaxation, and the low level of religious beliefs in each society is associated with a high level of depression and anxiety of suicidal thoughts.[3] In his study in 2014, Agouracas confirmed in his research that there is a multidimensional relationship between the religious attitudes of individuals and their mental health and anxiety.[16] In 2016, Cowin concluded that “people with a high attitude have lesser death anxiety.”[17] In his study, Lovell in his study in 2017 mentions the influence of religion to reduce anxiety and depression in women with chronic low back pain.[18] Furthermore, in a study conducted by Sassan et al. in Iran on medical students, religious beliefs were suggested as a preventive factor against mental illness, and those with stronger religious beliefs, the prevalence of depression and anxiety, significantly lower.[19]
Regarding the above, we notice the effect of anxiety on the performance of individuals, on the one hand, taking into account the importance of the student population in the scientific writing of each country, and with regard to the positive results obtained in relation to religion and anxiety and the lack of a previous review. It was important in Shoshtar city to investigate the effect of religion on anxiety on students of nursing and midwifery of Shoushtar University of Medical Sciences in 1396.
| Material and Methods | | |
This is a descriptive-analytic study that will be done in a cross-sectional way in 2017. The population of this study is 570 students studying in Shoushtar Medical Sciences Faculty. In this study, 102 students were selected by census method based on informed consent and inclusion criteria. The criteria for inclusion in the study included a willingness to participate in research, nursing and midwifery, and exclusion criteria including (failure to complete the questionnaire, mental and psychological disorder). The data gathering tool in this research was using standard questionnaire of religious attitude of Serajzadeh et al. (1998) and Achilles Berger anxiety questionnaire which consists of two parts. The first part of the demographic information about the students (age, gender, and field of study) and the second part of the questionnaire were related to the level of anxiety and religious attitude.
Religious attitudes assessment questionnaire consists of 26 questions, which are based on the Likert scale of four[4] I totally agree[4] I do not comment[3] I disagree[2] Absolutely disagree,[1] this the instrument of religious attitude measures people in four levels. Then, religious beliefs and religious beliefs that are beliefs about religion should be believed (question one to seven), empirical dimension or religious emotions that affects emotions related to having a bondage relationship, such as God and transcendental endeavor. Ezgard (question eight), the consequence dimension and religious work that deals with the effects of religious beliefs, deeds, experiences, and religious knowledge on everyday life (Question 14–19). The final dimension includes the ritual and experimental dimension that determines the participation in religious practices such as Fasting Prayer and … (the last seven questions). This questionnaire was standardized by Serajzadeh in 1998. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.92. In 2002, Sharifi reported this questionnaire as satisfactory and desirable (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.87). The validity of this questionnaire was in a researcher's study. In the four dimensions, they were between 0.23 and 0.34, which were statistically significant at the level of (P < 0.001).
Anxiety Scale questionnaire also contains 20 questions, which has been graded almost four times as nearly as never before,[1] sometimes,[2] most often,[3] almost always.[4] Scores range from 20 to 80 and were classified into mild anxiety (20–31), moderate (53–32), and severe (54–80) anxiety. The reliability of this questionnaire was carried out by Mahram in 1993. The Cronbakh's alpha coefficient was 0.90 and its validity was proportional to the sample size (0.99).
After you receive the code of ethics (IR.AJUMS.REC.1397.549), with the permission and coordination required by the research deputy of Shoushtar Medical Sciences with the possession of a research note, he went to the student dormitories of Shoushtar Medical School and carried out the necessary coordination. Then, the researcher, while introducing himself and expressing the purpose of the research, received written consent from the students for 1 month to submit questionnaires to eligible and satisfied students to participate in the research. In case of any questions or problems regarding the questionnaire questions, the researcher did the necessary steps to resolve the ambiguity. At the outset, the normality of the data from the questionnaire was assessed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for normal distribution which showed that the data is normal distribution. After collecting information and encoding, to analyze the data, the central indices and dispersion including mean, mean, fashion, standard deviation and independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient were used using SPSS-16 software (SPSS Ins. Released 2007 Spss for Windows, version 160, Chicago).
| Results | | |
In this study, out of 102 participants, 72 (70.6%) women and 56 (54.9%) were nursing. The mean age of participants was 21.56 ± 4.2. Furthermore, the results of the mean score of participants' anxiety level were 42.4 ± 12.52, and religious attitude was 95.67 ± 15.35. In terms of dimensions of religious attitude, it was found that the highest mean score was related to beliefs with a mean of 30.03 ± 5.77 in nursing school and 30.30 ± 4.14 in midwifery, and the lowest was related to the outcome dimension with a mean of 41.4 ± 4.35 14 in nursing and 14.76 ± 3.60 in midwifery. The groups did not have a significant difference in terms of religious attitude and anxiety level using independent t-test (P > 0.05) [Table 1]. | Table 1: Mean and standard deviation of religious attitude dimensions and students' anxiety levels by nursing and midwifery
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In anxiety study, 64 (44.1%) anxiety was moderate, 21 cases (20.58%) were severe, and 17 (16.7%) were mild. The results also showed that 55 (53.9%) had a high religious attitude and 2 (2%) had a moderate level [Table 2].
In determining the factors affecting the amount of anxiety and religious attitude, it was determined that sex is not effective (P > 0.05) [Table 3]. | Table 3: The effect of gender variables on anxiety and attitude of students using independent t-test
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Furthermore, using Pearson correlation coefficient, there was no correlation between religious anxiety and religious attitude (P = 0.06). But with increasing anxiety, the level of attitude is low.
| Discussion | | |
In this study, it was found that 62% of students had moderate anxiety and 53% had a high religious attitude. Similarly, in the Ghane et al. study, 50% of medical students are moderately stressed and 88% have high religious beliefs.[20] In the study of Ashourry et al., Students also enjoyed a high level of religious belief and mental well-being.[21] Furthermore, in the Batez study, students with high religious beliefs had low levels of depression among them.[20],[21] In other studies, including Kouzai et al., 48% of students showed moderate anxiety and only 3.8% of religious beliefs were at the high level and 79.1% were moderate.[22] In Darwishi et al., Students also had high religious beliefs and lower anxiety levels.[23] In the emergence study, 55% of students and Rajaee's study had a strong religious attitude of 57%.[24] In the study of Firouze, 69% of the students had high anxiety and were low in 55% of religious attitudes.[19] In the study of happiness, the students had a high belief in Islamic teachings, and students who had less faith in Islamic teachings had high levels of anxiety and depression.[11] In explaining the reasons for such differences, in addition to the possible role of cultural, geographic and research methods, it may be pointed out that religious values have probably diminished among students in recent years, and in the present study, most native students and they live in small and religious cities. Of course, many studies show the role of religious beliefs and beliefs in mental health. According to the findings of Axinal and Asgari, religious and religious beliefs are considered as a factor in the relaxation of the psychiatrist, and the lack of religion is associated with a high level of depression and anxiety and even thoughts (related to the suicide finding),[25] and the mention of God as an effective force to deal with stress And anxiety is consistent.[25] In stating the reasons for such differences in addition to the possible role of cultural differences, geographical, and method of the study can be cited, probably in recent years religious values among students fade, and in this study, the majority of indigenous students And they live in small and religious cities. Of course, many studies show the role of religious beliefs and beliefs in mental health. According to the findings Akslayn and Asgar religious beliefs and religion as a factor for peace Rvanydr considered and no religion higher levels of depression and anxiety, and even thoughts (with increased suicidal related)[16] and mention God as a force effective to deal with stress And anxiety is the same.[23]
In this study, it was found that both groups did not have a significant statistical difference in terms of religious attitude and its dimensions and anxiety. Meanwhile, in the light study of Saeed, there was a statistically significant difference in religious attitudes between the two groups. The reason for this difference is that in the study of opioid Saeed, the group had significant coronary artery disease and they were mostly reminded of God. They believe that in the belief in God, there is an extraordinary force that gives humans a spiritual strength and helps to endure the difficulties of their lives.[3] In this study, the highest mean religious attitude was in belief, and the lowest was in the consequence dimension. However, in Akbari et al., it was found that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of religious attitude in religious aspect and anxiety.[25]
Furthermore, in assessing the effect of variables, it was found that there was no significant relationship between religious attitude and anxiety level with the gender variable. However in the light study Saeed, a statistically significant relationship was found between male and female religious attitudes. In the study of prosperity, it was found that girls had higher anxiety and depression than boys, but there was no difference in their belief in Islamic teachings. There was a significant correlation between gender and religious beliefs in the study of khorez, with the religious beliefs of women more than men[23] and the fact that religious values are more prevalent in women than men, and the cause of this difference can be Different ways of socializing girls and boys There are no differences in some studies between the two sexes.[23] In almost all cultures and countries, the prevalence of depression and anxiety in women was 3–2 times that of men.[24],[25],[26]
There was no significant difference between the religious attitude and the level of anxiety in the present study, but an increase in religious attitude was associated with a low level of anxiety, which is in line with the study of Mozzene.[26] In the study of Bulaari, the increase in God's faith in low stressed students has been accompanied.[26] Meanwhile, in Glashvough et al., There was a significant negative correlation between students with high religious attitude and low level of anxiety.[24] Sargulazy et al., Miri et al., Rosik et al. Obtained similar results in similar studies.[26] Furthermore, the results of Sargolazi et al. Studying religious activities and depression with substance abuse anxiety showed that there is a significant correlation between spending more time in religious activities and decreasing anxiety, increasing lifestyle, and reducing suicidal thoughts.[26] In explaining the reasons for such differences, in addition to the possible role of cultural, geographic and research methods, it can be pointed out that most students are native and resident in small cities.
| Conclusion | | |
Students during education can face a lot of problems, and as everyone's clear, mental health of students in every society is very important because students are the makers of tomorrow's community. In the meantime, mental health of nursing and midwifery students is very important regarding the relevance of their job to the Person's mental health. As the findings show, the existence of religious beliefs can reduce anxiety in individuals. The findings of this research also confirmed this. Therefore, the findings of the research can be guided by the planners and educational authorities of the universities to emphasize the importance of religious beliefs and their role in decreasing the level of anxiety in the students' curriculum. Needed more advisory classes.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
Authors' contributions
All authors contributed to this research
Financial support and sponsorship
This study was financially supported by Shoushtar Medical Sciences.
Acknowledgment
At the end of all of the students of nursing and midwifery of Shoushtar Medical Sciences, I will be grateful to the participant in the project.
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[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3]
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