| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2021 | Volume
: 8
| Issue : 4 | Page : 231-237 |
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The effect of combined external cold and vibration during immunization on pain and anxiety levels in children
Sedigheh Khanjari1
 , Hamid Haghani2, Maryam Khoshghadm3
, Hamid Asayesh4
1 Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Biostatistics Department, Health School, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Medical Emergency, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
Correspondence Address:
Mrs. Maryam Khoshghadm
Nursing Care Research Center, Building of Nursing and Midwifery in Front of Khatam Al-Nabia Hospital, Rashid Yasemi Ave., Above Vanak Sq, Valiasr Ave., Tehran
Iran
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/jnms.jnms_128_20
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Context: Pain associated with needle procedures is very common among children and causes discomfort among them.
Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of combined external cold and vibration during immunization on pain and anxiety levels in children.
Setting and Design: This study was a randomized clinical trial in the Abdullahi Comprehensive Health Services Center in Qom, Iran, in 2019.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and five eligible children were allocated into experimental (external cold and Buzzy), placebo (off Buzzy device without cold), and control groups (no intervention). Simultaneous external cold and vibration (with Buzzy device) and appalling off Buzzy device were used in the experimental and placebo groups, respectively. Children in the control group had received routine care during immunization. The pain and anxiety levels of the children were measured using the Wong–Baker FACES Scale and Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale.
Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, ANCOVA, and Scheffe post hoc analysis.
Results: Pain during immunization in the experimental group (3.71 ± 1.61) was significantly lower than the placebo (5.25 ± 1.37) and control groups (4.45 ± 4.45). The difference between before and after anxiety level was not significant in the three study groups (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The simultaneous external cold and vibration (with Buzzy device) can be used as an effective intervention in pain reduction during intramuscular vaccine injection in children.
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